Suitability of southern grown potato varieties for processing     

William A. Sistrunk  Raymon E. Webb  Julian C. Miller 《American Journal of Potato Research》1954,31(11):360-365

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Difficulties in the molecular diagnosis of Helicobacter rodent infections     

Poynter S  Phipps JD  Naranjo-Pino A  Sanchez-Morgado JM 《Veterinary microbiology》2009,134(3-4):272-278

Molecular diagnostic methods using the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) are the gold standard in Helicobacter diagnostics. Most rely on the amplification of parts of the 16S rRNA gene sequence. Therefore, the validity and accuracy of results depends heavily on the PCR design and the time of its publication because new sequences are continually being submitted to databases. Here we report the presence of helicobacter in commercially bred mice supposedly free of this infection. Furthermore, three out of six different commercial laboratories performing helicobacter testing on the same spiked faecal samples failed to detect and identify H. hepaticus. We designed a simple generic PCR assay that amplifies a 261bp amplicon spanning two of the seven variable regions in the 16S rRNA of helicobacter. Using this assay together with an established generic assay designed by Bohr [Bohr, U.R., Primus, A., Zagoura, A., Glasbrenner, B., Wex, T., Malfertheiner, P., 2002. A group-specific PCR assay for the detection of Helicobacteraceae in human gut. Helicobacter 7, 378-383] and then cloning and sequencing their products, we detected the H. hepaticus used in the study that three commercial laboratories failed to detect. We think these assays together could detect all the currently known species of helicobacter and hopefully the new ones as well. In addition, we have been able to identify different species of helicobacter and their relative proportions infecting a single animal. This information has also shown that some helicobacters may have a much broader host range than originally reported.  相似文献   

CHRONIC RENAL FAILURE ASSOCIATED WITH NEPHROLITHIASIS, URETEROLITHIASIS, AND RENAL DYSPLASIA IN A 2-YEAR-OLD QUARTER HORSE GELDING     

Anne A.  Wooldridge  DVM  Thomas L.  Seahorn  DVM  MS  Jamie  Williams  MS  DVM  H. Wayne  Taylor  DVM  Ph.D.  Julian L.  Oliver  DVM  Ph.D.  Dae  Young  Kim  DVM  Thomas J.  Vicek  DVM 《Veterinary radiology & ultrasound》1999,40(4):361-364

A 2-year-old quarter horse gelding presented for evaluation of polyuria and polydipsia. Azotemia was detected on serum chemistry profile. Small, misshapen, hyperechoic kidneys with decreased corticomedullary demarcation, hydronephrosis, and a right nephrolith were noted ultrasonographically. The diagnosis of end-stage kidney disease and dysplasia was made histopathologically using ultrasound-guided biopsy. Two ureteroliths were found in the right ureter via cystoscopy, and a nephrolith was seen in the right kidney at necropsy. Clinical, ultrasonographic, and pathologic features of equine urolithiasis and renal dysplasia are discussed.  相似文献   

Multiple spawning events promote increased larval dispersal of a predatory fish in a western boundary current     

Hayden T. Schilling  Jason D. Everett  James A. Smith  John Stewart  Julian M. Hughes  Moninya Roughan  Colette Kerry  Iain M. Suthers 《Fisheries Oceanography》2020,29(4):309-323

Transport of larvae by ocean currents is an important dispersal mechanism for many species. The timing and location of spawning can have a large influence on settlement location. Shifts in the known spawning habitat of fish, whether due to climate or the discovery of new spawning stock, can influence the distribution of juveniles and our understanding of connectivity. The globally distributed species; Pomatomus saltatrix, is one such example where a previously unrecognised summer spawning event and a more southern latitudinal extent was recently reported for the southwest Pacific population. Although restrictions are in place to protect the traditional spawning event, the importance of the newly recognised summer spawning event is uncertain. Here, we investigate larval dispersal of P. saltatrix using particle tracking simulations to identify the contributions of the different spawning events to settlement. By modelling dispersal of larvae released in northern and mid‐latitude regions over the Austral spring and summer, we show that the newly recognised mid‐latitude summer spawning event contributes over 50% of the larvae reaching southern latitudes. This is due to a reduced (1–2 days) pelagic larval duration (associated with temperature), resulting in reduced larval mortality, and the seasonal (summer) strengthening of the East Australian Current (EAC) transporting particles ~50 km further south. These findings demonstrate that in dynamic boundary current systems such as the EAC, the final settlement location of larvae that are transported by ocean currents can vary considerably depending on the timing and location of spawning and that multiple spawning events are important for maximum dispersal.  相似文献   

Migrations and movements of Atlantic tarpon revealed by two decades of satellite tagging     

Jiangang Luo  Jerald S. Ault  Bruce T. Ungar  Steven G. Smith  Michael F. Larkin  Thomas N. Davidson  David R. Bryan  Nicholas A. Farmer  Scott A. Holt  A. Scott Alford  Aaron J. Adams  Robert Humston  Adam S. Marton  David Mangum  Russell Kleppinger  Angel Requejo  Julian Robertson 《Fish and Fisheries》2020,21(2):290-318

Understanding large‐scale migratory behaviours, local movement patterns and population connectivity are critical to determining the natural processes and anthropogenic stressors that influence population dynamics and for developing effective conservation plans. Atlantic tarpon occur over a broad geographic range in the Atlantic Ocean where they support valuable subsistence, commercial and recreational fisheries. From 2001 through 2018, we deployed 292 satellite telemetry tags on Atlantic tarpon in coastal waters off three continents to document: (a) seasonal migrations and regional population connectivity; (b) freshwater and estuarine habitat utilization; (c) spawning locations; and (d) shark predation across the south‐eastern United States, Gulf of Mexico and northern Caribbean Sea. These results showed that some mature tarpon make long seasonal migrations over thousands of kilometres crossing state and national jurisdictional borders. Others showed more local movements and habitat use. The tag data also revealed potential spawning locations consistent with those inferred in other studies from observations of early life stage tarpon leptocephalus larvae. Our analyses indicated that shark predation mortality on released tarpon is higher than previously estimated, especially at ocean passes, river mouths and inlets to bays. To date, there has been no formal stock assessment of Atlantic tarpon, and regional fishery management plans do not exist. Our findings will provide critical input to these important efforts and assist the multinational community in the development of a stock‐wide management information system to support informed decision‐making for sustaining Atlantic tarpon fisheries.  相似文献   

Do Fish Feel Pain?     

Julian Metcalfe 《Fish and Fisheries》2010,11(4):466-467

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Feeding behaviour of green mussels,Perna viridis farmed in Marudu Bay,Malaysia          下载免费PDF全文

Kar Soon Tan  Julian Ransangan 《Aquaculture Research》2017,48(3):1216-1231

The green mussel, Perna viridis is known to have the ability to selectively ingest certain suspended particles from water. However, the preferential ingestion of specific phytoplankton taxa by P. viridis under different environmental conditions is not well understood. A study was undertaken to identify the phytoplankton taxa that are preferentially ingested and rejected by P. viridis in different environmental conditions at Marudu Bay, Malaysia. Phytoplankton abundance and composition in stomach and surrounding waters were determined microscopically. The gonad development stages of P. viridis and various environmental parameters of the bay including temperature, salinity, dissolved oxygen, current speed, pH, visibility, chlorophyll a, nutrients concentration and suspended particles were also determined. Results of current study demonstrated that selective ingestion in P. viridis was mainly influenced by seston concentration, phytoplankton abundance and composition. At high seston concentration with low phytoplankton abundance, P. viridis selectively ingested Coscinodiscus spp. In contrast, P. viridis was found to ingest wider range of phytoplankton at low seston concentration and high phytoplankton abundance. Interestingly, Chaetoceros spp. and Bacteriastrum spp. were selectively rejected by P. viridis in both high and low seston conditions. Nevertheless, no selective ingestion behaviour was evidenced in low seston with low phytoplankton conditions. Besides phytoplankton, zooplankton has also contributed significantly in the diet of P. viridis, where high numbers of copepod and bivalve larvae were found in the stomach. The findings of current study can be useful in determining potential farming sites for green mussel in future.  相似文献   

蚜虫嗅觉行为及昆虫嗅觉信号转导途径研究进展     

范佳  陈巨莲  程登发  孙京瑞 《植物保护》2008,34(5):6-11

综述了蚜虫较典型的3种嗅觉行为即报警信息素反应、植物挥发物对蚜虫的引诱行为和驱避行为以及嗅觉在寄主定位中的作用,结合由G蛋白介导的昆虫嗅觉信号转导途径的研究现状,从一个全新的角度总结了近年来针对蚜虫嗅觉反应及其机制的研究进展。文章还就麦蚜嗅觉信号转导途径研究的可行性及意义进行了讨论。  相似文献   

生物有机肥对宁夏盐碱地土壤养分和生物学特性的影响          下载免费PDF全文

司海丽  纪立东  李磊  勉有明  朱英  刘菊莲  尚红莺  杨洋 《土壤》2022,54(6):1124-1131

【目的】为了探讨生物有机肥长期施用对宁夏引黄灌区盐碱土壤化学和微生物特性的影响，明确生物有机肥的最佳施用量及施肥模式。【方法】以田间连续4年定位试验为依托，研究生物有机肥施用量0 t/hm2（CK）、4.5 t/hm2（T1）、9 t/hm2（T2）、13.5 t/hm2（T3）及生物有机肥9 t/hm2配施无机化肥360 kg/hm2（N）（T4）对玉米根系土壤养分含量、酶活性、微生物生物量和微生物群落多样性及玉米产量的影响。【结果】：（1）连续四年施用生物有机肥可明显降低土壤pH和全盐含量。土壤养分含量及土壤酶活性随着生物有机肥施用量增加呈递增趋势，且生物有机肥施用9 t/hm2时，增施无机化肥可显著增加土壤速效钾含量14.73%；（2）土壤微生物群落代谢AWCD值和土壤微生物种群代谢多样性指均随着生物有机肥施用量的增加而增加，单施生物有机肥13.5 t/hm2处理下土壤培养192 h时AWCD值为0.84，经Tukey检验分析，Shannon（H）和Mcintosh（U）指数较CK分别增加10.11%和62.67%。（3）随着生物有机肥施用量增加，土壤微生物生物量碳氮磷含量呈递增趋势，各处理分别比CK增加66.78%、59.19%和51.84%；（4）施用生物有机肥可明显增加玉米产量，提高玉米产值，其中以生物有机肥施用9 t/hm2配施无机化肥360 kg/hm2（N）时，玉米产量和净收入最佳，分别为11499 kg/hm2和8709元/hm2。【结论】长期施用生物有机肥可改善宁夏盐碱土壤质地，提高土壤质量，增加土壤生物活性及玉米产量，其中以生物有机肥施用9 t/hm2配施无机化肥360 kg/hm2（N）时综合效果最佳。  相似文献   

极危植物九龙山榧的大小孢子发生和雌雄配子体发育研究          下载免费PDF全文

冉钰岑  何芳  刘菊莲  郑子洪  郑伟成  胡江琴  金孝锋 《浙江农林大学学报》2022,39(5):940-949

  目的  九龙山榧Torreya jiulongshanensis为浙江特有的古老孑遗植物，数量极少，为国家Ⅱ级重点保护野生植物，也被列为浙江省极小种群保护植物。系统观测九龙山榧大、小孢子的发生和雌、雄配子体的发育过程，有助于发现其配子是否发育异常及导致结籽率低下的原因。  方法  以九龙山榧模式产地的雌、雄植株为研究对象，通过定期观测和取样，采用石蜡切片法对其大、小孢子的发生，雌、雄配子体的发育过程进行切片、染色和观察。  结果  ①小孢子叶球于8月中旬开始分化，8月下旬分化形成次生造孢细胞，11月中旬形成小孢子母细胞，翌年2月下旬进入减数分裂期，3月中旬形成游离小孢子细胞，于3月末逐渐成熟；成熟花粉粒为双核，无气囊。小孢子囊的发育类型为基本型，孢质分裂方式为同时型，四分体有四面体形和左右对称形。②雄配子体从3月中下旬开始发生，到7月底形成精子，整个过程历时约4个月。③翌年3月下旬，大孢子叶球每个苞叶的叶腋基部直立着生2枚胚珠；大孢子母细胞于4月下旬经过减数分裂Ⅰ和减数分裂Ⅱ形成4个直列大孢子，5月中旬珠孔端的3个大孢子退化，合点端的大孢子最终发育成为雌配子体。④九龙山榧有2个单生型椭圆形的颈卵器，从传粉到受精历时约7个月。  结论  九龙山榧雌雄生殖系统发育的周期均较红豆杉科Taxaceae其他种更长，其冗长的生殖周期、复杂的生殖过程和雌性生殖系统发育明显滞后于雄性生殖系统，加之种群个体数量极度稀少(1雌株、2雄株)是造成结籽率低下、自然更新困难的主要原因。图3表1参34  相似文献